The work of surveying, study and national dissemination of music images in Portuguese paintings – and others paintings with connections to Portugal – not only in living and record paintings but also those that little or nothing were written, allowed us to bring together a corpus of primary sources of 17 th and 18th centuries for the recognition of musical iconography on paintings, and analyze the aerophone (or part of it) in Saint Jerome paintings. Which musical instrument is represented there? What information do the images bring us? Which sources and models were used in the atelier to represent the musical aspect on paintings?