Over the centuries, the iconography related to Father António Vieira has remained very consistent in the way it portrayed the Jesuit missionary. The Portrait of Padre António Vieira, now presented, introduces, however, some interesting elements that, in this context, make it distinct. In this research note we propose, in addition to the stylistic analysis of the portrait, a more comprehensive view of its integration within the scope of Vieira’s international fame and of the reception of his work. Far from being closed, it is a topic on which multiple questions prevail.