The vandalism of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq, aimed at the deliberate destruction of cultural heritage, has generated a deep concern in the international community in front of a phenomenon that is not new but, on this occasion, has been particularly virulent. This paper examines the six approaches that have been adopted by the international community before this cultural devastation, from that established by the Hague Convention of 1954 to the action of the International Criminal Court, through the measures adopted by the United Nations Security Council.